Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body, synthesized by fibroblasts, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Our joint cartilage and ligaments are made up of 70% collagen and our tendons are 85%. These fibers are highly dense triple helix alpha-chains of amino acids with ~ 1000 amino acid residues per chain. Intact collagen has a tightly-bound protein structure and is hard to digest, but when broken down to its hydrolyzed (peptide) form it is easily absorbed in the intestinal tract. Collagen and gelatin are derived from the same source, so they have identical amino acid profiles, which include essential and non-essential amino acids glycine, glucosamine, hydroxyproline and proline. Collagen peptides promote healthy connective tissue. Several in vitro studies demonstrate that collagen peptides, when present in the blood, will reach the connective tissues. These peptides appear in the targeted tissues ~1-2 hours after ingestion. Research shows that supplemental collagen peptides help maintain cartilage health by promoting cartilage regeneration and offer protection for connective tissue by supporting healthy collagen production.‡
Vitamin C, in combination with the amino acids proline and glycine found in collagen has been studied for its synergistic effects on the production of collagen after exercise.